ADHD - meaning and definition. What is ADHD
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What (who) is ADHD - definition

RANGE OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL CONDITIONS
ADHD; Hyperkinetic syndrome; Minimal cerebral dysfunction; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Attention Deficit Disorder; Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; Attention Deficiency Disorder; Attention Deficiency Hyperactivity Disorder; Attention Deficiency Hyperactivity Syndrome; Attention Deficiency Syndrome; Attention Deficiency/Hyperactivity Disorder; Attention Deficiency/Hyperactivity Syndrome; Attention-Deficit Disorder (ADD, ADHD); Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Minimal Brain Dysfunction; Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Hyperactivity disorder; Hyperactivity; Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Syndrome; Hyperactive; Attention deflict distorder; ADD/ADHD; Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder; Attention-Deficit Disorder; ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive; Attention deficit, w/ hyperactivity; Hyperkinetic conduct disorder; ADHD: developmental disorder or parenting; Disturbance of activity and attention; Adhd; Attention Deficit Syndrome; Childhood ADHD; Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder; A.D.H.D.; Attention-deficit disorder; AD/HD; Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type; Attention Defecit Disorder; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder; Attention deficit hyperactive syndrome; Attention Deficit; Hyperactive disorder; Hyperkinetic Reaction of Childhood; Hyperkinetic disorder; Minimal brain damage; Minimal brain dysfunction; Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity; Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder; Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; Diet and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Minimal Brain Disorder; Antihyperkinetic; Behavioral disinbhition; Locomotor stimulation; ADHD predominantly hyperactive; ADHD combined type; Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; Sugar and hyperactivity; Sugar does not make kids hyper; Eating sweets makes children hyperactive; Child ADHD; Kids who eat sweets get hyperactive; Attention deficit hyperactivity condition; Attention deficit hyperactive disorder; Attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADD; Attention deficit disorder; Hyperactivity Disorder; Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/ADHD in children; A.D.H.D; Hyperkinetic disorders; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder not otherwise specified; ADHD-C; Hyperactiveness; Causes of ADHD; Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); Hyperkinetic syndrome of childhood; Comorbidities of ADHD; Conditions comorbid to ADHD; Risk factors of ADHD; Positive traits of ADHD; Risk factors for ADHD; SRDD
  • The left prefrontal cortex, shown here in blue, is often affected in ADHD.
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  • Timeline of ADHD diagnostic criteria, prevalence, and treatment
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ADHD         
¦ abbreviation attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
ADHD         
ADHD is an abbreviation for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder         
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a condition where people, especially children, are extremely active and unable to concentrate on anything for very long, with the result that they find it difficult to learn and often behave in inappropriate ways. The abbreviation ADHD
is often used.
N-UNCOUNT

Wikipedia

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by excessive amounts of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate.

ADHD symptoms arise from executive dysfunction, and emotional dysregulation is often considered a core symptom. In children, problems paying attention may result in poor school performance. ADHD is associated with other neurodevelopmental and mental disorders as well as some non-psychiatric disorders, which can cause additional impairment, especially in modern society. Although people with ADHD struggle to focus on tasks they are not particularly interested in completing, they are often able to maintain an unusually prolonged and intense level of attention for tasks they do find interesting or rewarding; this is known as hyperfocus.

The precise causes of ADHD are unknown in the majority of cases. Genetic factors play an important role; ADHD tends to run in families and has a heritability rate of 74%. Toxins and infections during pregnancy as well as brain damage may be environmental risks.

It affects about 5–7% of children when diagnosed via the DSM-IV criteria, and 1–2% when diagnosed via the ICD-10 criteria. Rates are similar between countries and differences in rates depend mostly on how it is diagnosed. ADHD is diagnosed approximately twice as often in boys than in girls, and 1.6 times more often in men than in women, although the disorder is overlooked in girls or diagnosed in later life because their symptoms sometimes differ from diagnostic criteria. About 30–50% of people diagnosed in childhood continue to have ADHD in adulthood, with 2.58% of adults estimated to have ADHD which began in childhood. In adults, hyperactivity is usually replaced by inner restlessness, and adults often develop coping skills to compensate for their impairments. The condition can be difficult to tell apart from other conditions, as well as from high levels of activity within the range of normal behaviour. ADHD has a negative impact on patient health-related quality of life that may be further exacerbated by, or may increase the risk of, other psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression.

ADHD management recommendations vary and usually involve some combination of medications, counseling, and lifestyle changes. The British guideline emphasises environmental modifications and education about ADHD for individuals and carers as the first response. If symptoms persist, parent-training, medication, or psychotherapy (especially cognitive behavioural therapy) can be recommended based on age. Canadian and American guidelines recommend medications and behavioural therapy together, except in preschool-aged children for whom the first-line treatment is behavioural therapy alone. Stimulant medications are the most effective pharmaceutical treatment, although there may be side effects and any improvements will be reverted if medication is ceased.

ADHD, its diagnosis, and its treatment have been considered controversial since the 1970s. These controversies have involved doctors, teachers, policymakers, parents, and the media. Topics have included causes of ADHD and the use of stimulant medications in its treatment. ADHD is now a well-validated clinical diagnosis in children and adults, and the debate in the scientific community mainly centers on how it is diagnosed and treated. ADHD was officially known as attention deficit disorder (ADD) from 1980 to 1987; prior to the 1980s, it was known as hyperkinetic reaction of childhood. Symptoms similar to those of ADHD have been described in medical literature dating back to the 18th century.

Examples of use of ADHD
1. "In general, people with ADHD speed four times more often than those without ADHD," he said.
2. Children with behaviour problems are increasingly diagnosed with ADHD.
3. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Prescriptions for ADHD drugs escalated during the 1''0s following the organised penetration of the education system by the pharmaceutical industry.
4. Unlike other disabilities, many people do not easily recognize ADHD.
5. ADHD occurs twice as commonly in boys as in girls.